[1.5.x] Fixed #19197 -- fixed convert_values() for nullable numeric fields

Cleaned up the implementation of base convert_values() a little, and
made sure it accepts None as a value for numeric fields.

There are no tests attached. The reason is that not all of the
convert_values() accept None as a value for numeric fields (for example
sqlite3.convert_values()).

The reason the base convert_values() needs to accept None is that this
situation might arise in custom compilers for 3rd party backends. It
is easy to keep the convert_values() working, so lets do that.

Backpatch of 12a96bfa